@article{item_3047134,
  title = {{Methodological consensus on clinical proton MRS of the brain: Review and recommendations}},
  journal = {{Magnetic Resonance in Medicine}},
  abstract = {{Proton MRS (1H MRS) provides noninvasive, quantitative metabolite profiles of tissue and has been shown to aid the clinical management of several brain diseases. Although most modern clinical MR scanners support MRS capabilities, routine use is largely restricted to specialized centers with good access to MR research support. Widespread adoption has been slow for several reasons, and technical challenges toward obtaining reliable good-quality results have been identified as a contributing factor. Considerable progress has been made by the research community to address many of these challenges, and in this paper a consensus is presented on deficiencies in widely available MRS methodology and validated improvements that are currently in routine use at several clinical research institutions. In particular, the localization error for the PRESS localization sequence was found to be unacceptably high at 3 T, and use of the semi-adiabatic localization by adiabatic selective refocusing sequence is a recommended solution. Incorporation of simulated metabolite basis sets into analysis routines is recommended for reliably capturing the full spectral detail available from short TE acquisitions. In addition, the importance of achieving a highly homogenous static magnetic field (B0) in the acquisition region is emphasized, and the limitations of current methods and hardware are discussed. Most recommendations require only software improvements, greatly enhancing the capabilities of clinical MRS on existing hardware. Implementation of these recommendations should strengthen current clinical applications and advance progress toward developing and validating new MRS biomarkers for clinical use.}},
  volume = {82},
  number = {2},
  pages = {527--550},
  publisher = {Wiley-Liss},
  address = {New York},
  year = {2019},
  slug = {item_3047134},
  author = {Wilson, M and Andronesi, O and Barker, PB and Bartha, R and Bizzi, A and Bolan, PJ and Brindle, KM and Choi, IY and Cudalbu, C and Dydak, U and Emir, UE and Gonzalez, RG and Gruber, S and Gruetter, R and Gupta, RK and Heerschap, A and Henning, A and Hetherington, HP and Huppi, PS and Hurd, RE and Kantarci, K and Kauppinen, RA and Klomp, DWJ and Kreis, R and Kruiskamp, MJ and Leach, MO and Lin, AP and Luijten, PR and Marja\'nska, M and Maudsley, AA and Meyerhoff, DJ and Mountford, CE and Mullins, PG and Murdoch, JB and Nelson, SJ and Noeske, R and \"Oz, G and Pan, JW and Peet, AC and Poptani, H and Posse, S and Ratai, EM and Salibi, T and Scheenen, TWJ and Smith, ICP and Soher, PJ and Tk\'a\v{c}, I and Vigneron, DB and Howe, FA}
}