@misc{Spiers19-CHIWS-Navigation,
  title = {Explorations of Shape-Changing Haptic Interfaces for Blind and Sighted Pedestrian Navigation},
  abstract = {Since the 1960s, technologists have worked to develop systems that facilitate independent
  navigation by vision-impaired (VI) pedestrians. These devices vary in terms of conveyed information
  and feedback modality. Unfortunately, many such prototypes never progress beyond laboratory
  testing. Conversely, smartphone-based navigation systems for sighted pedestrians have grown in
  robustness and capabilities, to the point of now being ubiquitous.
  
  How can we leverage the success of sighted navigation technology, which is driven by a larger global
  market, as a way to progress VI navigation systems? We believe one possibility is to make common
  devices that benefit both VI and sighted individuals, by providing information in a way that does not
  distract either user from their tasks or environment. To this end we have developed physical
  interfaces that eschew visual, audio or vibratory feedback, instead relying on the natural human
  ability to perceive the shape of a handheld object.},
  howpublished = {Workshop paper (6 pages) presented at the CHI Workshop on Hacking Blind Navigation},
  month = may,
  year = {2019},
  slug = {navigation},
  author = {Spiers, Adam and Kuchenbecker, Katherine J.},
  month_numeric = {5}
}