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In vivo characterization of the downfield part of 1H MR spectra of human brain at 9.4T: Magnetization exchange with water and relation to conventionally determined metabolite content
{Purpose To perform exchange-rate measurements on the in vivo human brain downfield spectrum (5\textendash10 ppm) at 9.4 T and to compare the variation in concentrations of the downfield resonances and of known upfield metabolites to determine potential peak labels. Methods Non-water-suppressed metabolite cycling was used in combination with an inversion transfer technique in two brain locations in healthy volunteers to measure the exchange rates and T1 values of exchanging peaks. Spectra were fitted with a heuristic model of a series of 13 or 14 Voigt lines, and a Bloch\textendashMcConnell model was used to fit the exchange rate curves. Concentrations from non-water-inverted spectra upfield and downfield were compared. Results Mean T1 values ranged from 0.40 to 0.77 s, and exchange rates from 0.74 to 13.8 s\textminus1. There were no significant correlations between downfield and upfield concentrations, except for N-acetylaspartate, with a correlation coefficient of 0.63 and P \textless 0.01. Conclusions Using ultrahigh field allowed improved separation of peaks in the 8.2 to 8.5 ppm amide proton region, and the exchange rates of multiple downfield resonances including the 5.8-ppm peak, previously tentatively assigned to urea, were measured in vivo in human brain. Downfield peaks consisted of overlapping components, and largely missing correlations between upfield and downfield resonances\textemdashalthough not conclusive\textemdashindicate limited contributions from metabolites present upfield to the downfield spectrum. Magn Reson Med, 2017. \copyright 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.}
@article{FichtnerGAMZHK2017_3, title = {{In vivo characterization of the downfield part of 1H MR spectra of human brain at 9.4T: Magnetization exchange with water and relation to conventionally determined metabolite content}}, journal = {{Magnetic Resonance in Medicine}}, abstract = {{Purpose To perform exchange-rate measurements on the in vivo human brain downfield spectrum (5\textendash10 ppm) at 9.4 T and to compare the variation in concentrations of the downfield resonances and of known upfield metabolites to determine potential peak labels. Methods Non-water-suppressed metabolite cycling was used in combination with an inversion transfer technique in two brain locations in healthy volunteers to measure the exchange rates and T1 values of exchanging peaks. Spectra were fitted with a heuristic model of a series of 13 or 14 Voigt lines, and a Bloch\textendashMcConnell model was used to fit the exchange rate curves. Concentrations from non-water-inverted spectra upfield and downfield were compared. Results Mean T1 values ranged from 0.40 to 0.77 s, and exchange rates from 0.74 to 13.8 s\textminus1. There were no significant correlations between downfield and upfield concentrations, except for N-acetylaspartate, with a correlation coefficient of 0.63 and P \textless 0.01. Conclusions Using ultrahigh field allowed improved separation of peaks in the 8.2 to 8.5 ppm amide proton region, and the exchange rates of multiple downfield resonances including the 5.8-ppm peak, previously tentatively assigned to urea, were measured in vivo in human brain. Downfield peaks consisted of overlapping components, and largely missing correlations between upfield and downfield resonances\textemdashalthough not conclusive\textemdashindicate limited contributions from metabolites present upfield to the downfield spectrum. Magn Reson Med, 2017. \copyright 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.}}, volume = {79}, number = {6}, pages = {2863--2873}, year = {2018}, slug = {fichtnergamzhk2017_3}, author = {Fichtner, ND and Giapitzakis, I-A and Avdievich, N and Mekle, R and Zaldivar, D and Henning, A and Kreis, R} }