@article{item_3271036,
  title = {{Brain structural correlates of insomnia severity in 1053 individuals with major depressive disorder: results from the ENIGMA MDD Working Group}},
  journal = {{Translational Psychiatry}},
  abstract = {{It has been difficult to find robust brain structural correlates of the overall severity of major depressive disorder (MDD). We hypothesized that specific symptoms may better reveal correlates and investigated this for the severity of insomnia, both a key symptom and a modifiable major risk factor of MDD. Cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volumes were assessed from T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 1053 MDD patients (age range 13-79 years) from 15 cohorts within the ENIGMA MDD Working Group. Insomnia severity was measured by summing the insomnia items of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Symptom specificity was evaluated with correlates of overall depression severity. Disease specificity was evaluated in two independent samples comprising 2108 healthy controls, and in 260 clinical controls with bipolar disorder. Results showed that MDD patients with more severe insomnia had a smaller cortical surface area, mostly driven by the right insula, left inferior frontal gyrus pars triangularis, left frontal pole, right superior parietal cortex, right medial orbitofrontal cortex, and right supramarginal gyrus. Associations were specific for insomnia severity, and were not found for overall depression severity. Associations were also specific to MDD; healthy controls and clinical controls showed differential insomnia severity association profiles. The findings indicate that MDD patients with more severe insomnia show smaller surfaces in several frontoparietal cortical areas. While explained variance remains small, symptom-specific associations could bring us closer to clues on underlying biological phenomena of MDD.}},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--11},
  publisher = {Nature Pub. Group},
  year = {2020},
  slug = {item_3271036},
  author = {Leerssen, J and Blanken, TF and Pozzi, E and Jahanshad, N and Aftanas, L and Andreassen, OA and Baune, BT and Brack, I and Carballedo, A and Ching, CRK and Dannlowski, U and Dohm, K and Enneking, V and Filimonova, E and Fingas, SM and Frodl, T and Godlewska, BR and Goltermann, J and Gotlib, IH and Grotegerd, D and Gruber, O and Harris, MA and Hatton, SN and Hawkins, E and Hickie, IB and Jaworska, N and Kircher, T and Krug, A and Lagopoulos, J and Lemke, H and Li, M and MacMaster, FP and McIntosh, AM and McLellan, Q and Meinert, S and Mwangi, B and Nenadi\'c, I and Osipov, E and Portella, MJ and Redlich, R and Repple, j and Sacchet, MD and S\"amann, PG and Simulionyte, E and Soares, JC and Walter, M and Watanabe, N and Whalley, HC and Y\"uksel, D and Veltman, DJ and Thompson, PM and Schmaal, L and Van Someren, EJW}
}